Unit+3

11/8/10:
 * Unit 3 **

Expansion of Cotton, Slavery, and Plantations in Nineteenth Century America


This snippet of BBC Dimensions from howbigreally.com shows how big an average sized Alabama Plantation was in the nineteenth century. The box shows the plantation size in comparison to the size of the city of Malden. It put into perspective for me how large these areas were in the South, and how much land they took up. They had to have been big though, to house all of the slaves, and provide for enough land to raise their cash crops. This one plantation takes up almost all of Malden, MA, showing that the people who owned land back then, invested most of their money into their lands, crops, and slaves, because this is one huge plot of land!

Maps on p. 296-297:
1820 1860 11/9/10:
 * Only a a few regions produced cotton
 * they were mainly major cities (in SC, NC, GA, AL, LA, TN)
 * There were the most slaves on the coast, probably for shipping, and trade reasons (easier to transport cotton to the coast for trade)
 * Little-no slaves in FL, AK, and some parts of MI (there were lots near the MI River)
 * Cotton production & slave population sky rockets
 * Pretty much all of the lower south was producing cotton, becoming more industrial
 * coastal regions have the most slaves stil (VA & SC/GA coast)

11/10/10:


 * Southern Society **

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11/16/10:


 * Temperance Movement **


 * Temperance- reducing the intake of something (alcohol), not necessarily getting rid of it-- __all in moderation.__
 * Prohibition is completely eliminating, and banning the use of something, and temperance is using something in moderation.
 * The cartoon above, //The Drunkard's Progress,// shows the stages of someone who drinks alcohol.
 * Each stage shows the consequences and possibilities of life is you drink too much alcohol.
 * Advocates of the temperance movement said that drinking too much liquor leads to unhappy lives, sorrow, death, desperation, crime, poverty, and abuse.
 * Men would spend money on alcohol, and neglect their families, and jobs.
 * The women crying, with her child shows that women were the main demographics of the temperance movement's advocates.
 * Portrays men as the only people who drink alcohol, which is not very true now, but it was pretty much the case back in 1846.
 * The steps also suggest that once you have a casual drink with your friends every now and then, that you will become an alcoholic.
 * The cartoon is not really accurate for today's society, women as well as men drink alcohol socially now, also if you drink casually you will not always become addicted to the substance, like the cartoon portrays.
 * The artwork is also very one sided, showing only the views of the people who were against alcohol, and completely for temperance.

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11/16/10: 11/17/10:

11/20/10:


 * __Chapter 13 Maps__**

Pg.340- Expanding Settlement, 1810-1850
 * Shows land settlement after the Louisiana Purchase
 * 1810-1830 shows expansion due to cotton farming, mainly in the southern area, and to the west, mostly land gain from the Louisiana Purchase.
 * 1830-1850 shows a lot of settlement to the west, central west area of the country. Lots of this was new territories and states added to the Union.
 * The country had reached its boundaries, out to California, but most of this land was not settled yet.

Pg.345- Western Trails in 1860 Pg.349- The Mexican War, 1846-1848 Pg. 350-Southwestern Expansion, 1845-1853
 * Expansion to the new western territories was made possible by these trails.
 * These trails allowed Americans to bring trade, goods, and businesses to the west.
 * A few trails lead into Texas, the people on this trail could have settled in texas --> leads to Texas revolution - Mexican American war
 * Mormon trail shows the long route the Mormon people had to take to reach safety, and to build their own settlement in Utah.
 * The Oregon trail, which is almost 3,000 miles long, is the largest on this map, going from Sedalia to POrtland, many people used this trail because it connected with many other trails too.
 * Shows the disputed area between Mexico and the US.
 * There's a lot more blue lines (american forces) than red lines (mexican forces) showing that the US forces were more devoted to the cause of gaining this land, they had have more won battles.
 * Mexican forces barely moved out of Mexico, the map only shows the movement of Santa Anna to Buena Vista.
 * Shows the disputed region in this map, all of southern California, Texas, and the land ceded to the US from Mexico
 * The annexed part of Texas that the US managed to get is much smaller than Texas is now, and from what I remember, not many trails went through this part of Texas (the republic)
 * The trails mostly went across the top of Texas, which could be why the rest of this are was in dispute from 1845-1848.
 * Americans did not gain all of this land from Mexico by winning the mexican American war, they purchased some in 1853 in teh Gadsen Purchase in what is today New Mexico, and southern California.
 * The mexican cession, 1848, gave the US a lot of the land that is pretty much today's borders.

Pg.354- Slave and Free Territories Under the Compromise of 1850
 * Theme:** Westward Expansion
 * Came from:** War, treaties/purchases, manifest destiny, immigration, gold, land
 * Manifest Destiny:** United States' fate to control American land, God given right, white superiority - democracy, they believe their system is the right way to do things, they were special, righteous, and just.
 * The comp. of 1850 is the first use of popular sovereignty (for New Mexico and Utah territory)
 * California is added as a free state.
 * Many territories were added free, but were not technically added to the Union yet, not represented in congress.
 * People liked pop sov becuase it was democracy, they got to decide because they lived there.
 * Mo Compromise line was negated (did not go to CA)

11/22/10:

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11/29/10:

__Background causes-__ __Key Economic Measures of the North (371)-__
 * Background Information of the Civil War **
 * Land expansion
 * MO Compromise
 * Compromise of 1850
 * Mexican Cession, 1850s
 * Gadsden Purchase, 1853
 * Kansas-Nebraska Act
 * Popular Sovereignty- violence
 * Polk's Election, 1844
 * "Bleeding Kansas" 1855-1856
 * John Brown's raid, Pottawatomie Massacre, Harpers Ferry
 * //Dred Scott// Decision, 1857
 * Lincoln's Election, 1860
 * Secession of Southern States
 * Fort Sumter
 * **Region** || **Avantages** ||
 * North || * Has the majority of the population, factories, farms, wealth, and railroad mileage.
 * This gave them more resources, more supplies, and easier access to things.
 * Many western areas were all farmland, there were also a ton of small little farms, adding up to more than the large plantations in the south. ||
 * South || * Home land, a completely supported and one sided local population
 * They knew where they were going, ||
 * Levied new taxes
 * 10% Income Tax on all incomes over $5,000
 * The Homestead Act of 1862
 * stimulated land purchase, by giving away cheap land to the public.
 * Money from taxes & government land went to the building opf institutions " land-grant institutions"
 * National Bank Acts- 1863
 * the money was not directly backed by gold or silver, there was faith in the system.
 * banks could join the system
 * if they invested 1/3 of their capital (to the war efforts)
 * allowed for a unified bank note system.
 * War Bonds
 * the largest source to finance the war.
 * loans from the American people - before bonds were only sold to wealthy investors & banks.
 * totaled $400 million dollars in loans
 * New currency - "Greenbacks"

11: Civil War a) Two societies at war: mobilization, resources, and internal dissent b) Military strategies and foreign diplomacy c) Emancipation and the role of African Americans in the war d) Social, political, and economic effects of war in the North, South, and West
 * Themes and Topic Outlines**

12: Reconstruction - The south was completely devastated after the civil war, their economy, and physical aspects were in ruins. - the Republican party broke in to conservatives & radicals (radicals wanted the confederates to be punished before allowed back into the Union) -Lincoln's 10% Plan - as soon as 10% pledged loyalty to the Union, they could set up a state government.

a)Presidential and Radical Reconstruction b) Southern state governments: aspirations, achievements, failures c) Role of African Americans in politics, education, and the economy d) Compromise of 1877 e) Impact of Reconstruction

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12/5/10: 12/7/10:

The outcomes of it were great advances for America, and their people. Like, the __end of slavery, the Reconstruction Amendments, Reconstruction itself, and a start to the fight for civil rights__. The South also grew from the war, reconstruction caused them to become industrialized. __Railroad tracks__ in the south more than tripled post-war, allowing national transportation, and communication to be come much quicker and easier. African Americans were now free from enslavement, allowing them to have citizenship, and other privledges of Americans, however there was a lot of obstacles for them. For example, the __Ku Klux Klan__ formation came out of the civil war, the __ideology of "Social Darwinism"__. On the other hand, the cost of the war was severely damaging to the South. Everything they had was destroyed, farms, plantations, cities, municipal buildings, etc. It also caused a whole __new level of poverty for white Southerners__. Because they had no farms, or slaves, it was __difficult to raise the cash crops__ they always had, not providing enough to support themselves or families. Overall, the pros outweighed the many cons of the Civil War, because in the long run, it was definitely worth it. But if you look at it short term, it does not seem that way. -It ended slavery, but did little to improve the lives of African Americans imediately.
 * Was the Civil War Worth It? **

Sharon - it was worth it, if they continued to compromise it was inevitable that they were going to war; the lives of the slaves were more or less the same as the lives lost in the war. Devon - it was worth it in the end, because it got all of their problems out of the way.

12/9/10: